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Friday, June 17, 2011

The fat-soluble vitamins


The fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E and K. To some extent, this vitamin is different from water-soluble vitamins. This vitamin is found in the fat and fat food. This vitamin is only digested by the bile, because it is soluble in water. The following sections provide detailed descriptions of each type of vitamin.

Vitamin A

Needs

It is difficult to determine the number of daily requirement of vitamin A. This vitamin is produced from two different compounds are converted in the body to vitamin A. The sources of animal foods available in the form of retinol, sources of plant foods in the form of beta-carotene, which is less efficient than retinol for the production of vitamin A. This is what mebuat the recommended amount of vitamin A given in the form of retinol equivalents, RE. The recommended amount of vitamin A is 1000 micrograms RE per day for men and 800 micrograms for women.

Primary sources

Vegetables and fruits are a carrier of a majority of the vitamin. Most foods that contain vitamin A is a brilliant (though not all that bright colored foods contain vitamin A). Vegetables rich in vitamin A are carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, spinach and cantaloupe. Milk, cheese, butter and eggs also contain vitamin A.

Function

Vitamin A is essential for the maintenance of the epithelial cells of the cornea and vision. Vitamin A also helps the growth and reproduction of the bones and teeth. Aside from Vitamin A plays a role in the establishment and regulation of hormones and helps protect the body against cancer.

Deficiency symptoms

Vitamin A deficiency can lead to serious consequences. This is usually accompanied by lack of protein and zinc. Vitamin A is stored in the body for a year. This means that the symptoms of deficiency does not appear immediately after the cessation of intake of this vitamin. However, if it occurs after a long time since there is no consumption, the symptoms can be very clear and severe.

One of the first symptoms is night blindness. If the shortage continues, but can also play a role in decreased function of the cornea and cause blindness. This vitamin deficiency can also prevent bone growth, or changes in the shape of the bone cracking and damage to the teeth and the cessation of growth of the cells that form the teeth. Anemia is caused by the other. Furthermore, this deficiency affects the nervous system and bones and can lead to paralysis.

Poisoned

Vitamin A poisoning occurs when proteins bind have been completed at that vitamin A can freely attack the body's cells. This usually does not occur if the vitamin from food every day, but this can happen if a person is the use of supplements. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss. Nervous system and muscles may also be affected, causing symptoms such as loss of appetite, irritability, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, headaches and muscular weakness.

Vitamin D

Needs

Vitamin D has a feature that distinguishes it from other vitamins that can be produced by sunlight. This means that vitamin D can be obtained with fixed penerpaan sunlight regularly, and do not need extra vitamin D. The recommended daily dose of vitamin D is 5 micrograms per day. Despite the amount of vitamin D formed along the exposed skin, but the sun can not produce vitamin D for the level of intoxication.

Primary Sources

Food sources of vitamin D are eggs, liver and fish as well as milk and margarine are fortified with vitamin D.

Function

Vitamin D works in bone mineralization, increasing the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the digestive system, so that levels in the blood increases. This is done by taking calcium from bones and by encouraging the retention by the kidneys.

Deficiency symptoms

Causes of vitamin D deficiency symptoms of calcium deficiency. The bones can not be hardened by biasa.Tulang may weaken as a result of severe bone Badan crooked. Kekurangan vitamin D can also cause deformities and pain in the arms and legs, back, thorax (chest cavity), and pelvis. Vitamin D deficiency also damages the nervous system and muscles, causing muscle spasms.

Poisoned

Excess vitamin D causes an increase in calcium concentration in the blood. Calcium may form stones. High levels of calcium in the blood can also cause blood vessels to harden, which is very damaging to the arteries of the heart and lungs and can be fatal. Other symptoms of vitamin D toxicity include loss of appetite, headache, weakness, fatigue, excessive thirst, irritability and lethargy.

Vitamin E

Needs

The recommended daily dose of vitamin E is 10 mg per day for men and 8 mg per day for women.

Primary sources

Vitamin E is widely available in vegetable oils and seeds, which can be found in the form of margarine, salad dressings, and shortenings. Peanut oil and wheat bran oil has the highest concentration of vitamin E that. The next level is the corn oil and sunflower seed oil. One tablespoon of the source contains more than the RDA of vitamin E. By contrast, animal fats like butter and milk contains almost no vitamin E. This is because vitamin E is easily destroyed by heat, so it is best to get fresh food.

Function

Like vitamin C, vitamin E is an antioxidant. Vitamin E helps stabilize cell membranes, regulate and protect the oxidation of vitamin A. In his role as an antioxidant, vitamin E has an important influence on cells, such as red blood cells and white blood cells that pass through the lungs.

Deficiency symptoms

When levels of vitamin E in the blood is very low, the red cells can be divided. This process is called hemolysis eritrodit and can be prevented by vitamin E. Vitamin E can cause nervous system, causing muscle weakness, difficulty walking and pain in the calf muscles.

Poisoned

Poisoning can occur if excessive consumption, but that does not easily occur as in vitamins A and D. Symptoms include headache, weakness, fatigue, dizziness and visual disturbances.

Vitamin K

Needs

Most sources of vitamin K in the body is synthesized by bacteria in the digestive system. Sources of vitamin K in foods are liver, green vegetables are cabbage, green leafy, cruciferous vegetables (cabbage) and milk.

Primary sources

Digestive system of humans contains bacteria that can synthesize vitamin K, which is partly absorbed and stored in the liver. The body needs vitamin K for extra food.

Function

Vitamin K is an essential requirement for the synthesis of various proteins including blood clotting. Vitamin K is also necessary for bone formation.

Deficiency Symptoms

If vitamin K is not contained in the body, blood can not clot. This can cause hemorrhagic disease. However, vitamin K deficiency is rare: only babies prone to it. This is because the digestive system of a newborn baby is sterile and contains bacteria that can synthesize vitamin K, breast milk contains only small amounts of vitamin K. For the babies are given a vitamin K at birth.

Poisoned

Poisoning of vitamin K occurs only in people who receive a water-soluble vitamin K replacement Symptoms include red blood cell hemolysis, jaundice and brain damage.

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